Femnet e.V.

Climate change, population growth, and shortages of key resources are already affecting the industry and they will bring profound changes over the next 15 years. By 2025 there are expected to be another billion people living on this planet and twice as many elderly people. Climate change will have major impacts on agriculture and patterns of global land use. Many communities will change radically, affecting the needs of the industry’s customers and the availability of labour. Demand for energy, water and food will grow, prices are likely to rise, and control of resources will be a key political issue. Other factors will shape our world in less predictable ways. China, India and other emerging economies will change global patterns of trade and power and exercise a growing cultural influence. Technology will continue to transform our lives and businesses and create new opportunities – think of the impact the internet has had in the last 15 years. People’s attitudes to resource shortages, climate change and sustainability, and their levels of disposable income, will affect consumer demand. How governments act, or fail to act, on trade, economics, the environment and poverty, and how they coordinate action on these and other global issues will also have a huge impact. They cover a wide range of issues and pose some searching questions: The future is likely to be dramatically different from today. We have created four scenarios, exploring the challenges ahead for the fashion industry and its current business models.

• How will the industry react to shortages of cotton and other raw materials?
• How could the fashion workforce be affected by shifting supply chains and technological development?
• How might technology influence fashion and change the way it is produced and sold?
• How will people care for their clothes in a future of water shortages and high energy prices?
• How could reuse and remanufacturing of clothing develop as a response to higher demand and prices?

The four scenarios explore worlds where globalisation has progressed or gone into reverse and where society and its fashions change more rapidly than today.

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Deloitte Access Economics has been engaged by Oxfam Australia to provide analysis of Australia’s garment industry. Specifically, Oxfam has requested Deloitte Access Economics answer two specific questions:

• Current factory wages: What is the typical share of the overall price to Australian consumers of garments produced in global supply chains which is spent on factory worker wages?

• Living wages: How much would the overall cost of bringing a garment to Australian consumers increase if a living wage were instead paid to factory workers?

• Using previous research, publicly available data, and data from several Australian businesses, Deloitte Access Economics has put together a cost structure framework of Australia’s garment supply industry. This framework represents the whole industry as an average and is not representative of a specific business or garment.

• Deloitte Access Economics has also estimated the impact on retail prices of moving towards a living wage. This analysis assumes that all players within the supply chain pass on the full cost of the wage increase. This does not answer how businesses could adjust their operations or how a living wage could practically be implemented.

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This report presents the findings of a large-scale, nationally representative survey of sexual harassment in the Cambodian garment industry. It combines quantitative survey data from 1,287 workers across 52 factories, with 25 qualitative interviews and 9 focus groups conducted in a variety of different living and working environments. Specifically, the objectives of the study were to:

1. Estimate the prevalence of sexual harassment reported by female and male workers
2. Estimate the annual cost of productivity lost to the garment industry due to sexual harassment affecting its workers by estimating indirect costs of turnover, absenteeism and presenteeism (direct and indirect tangible costs)
3. Examine the harmful negative effects of sexual harassment experienced by female and male workers

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As part of efforts to reduce the environmental impacts caused by the consumption of textiles, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed a goal of reducing the number of textiles in residual waste by 60 percent in 2025, compared to 2015, and that 90 percent of separately collected textile waste shall be prepared for reuse or recycling.

The ability to achieve these ambitious goals depends to a large extent on whether collection and processing of collected used textiles remains economically attractive for the actors in the value chain. The economics of these activities are dependent on both collection conditions in Sweden and on global reuse and recycling markets since a large part of used textiles collected in Sweden is exported.

This report looks at the market dynamics governing the used textile industry.

The lead research question is: how would the value chain react to a doubling of collected used textile volumes in Sweden and in Europe and what measures would be necessary to maintain economic viability? Swedish, other European and international actors involved in collection, sorting and wholesale of used textiles were interviewed to get their perspectives on this research question.

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Fashion Revolution commissioned a survey of 5,000 people aged 16-75 in the five largest European markets, including Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy and Spain, to find out how supply chain transparency and sustainability impacts EU consumers’ purchasing decisions when shopping for clothing, accessories and shoes. We wanted to find out what information consumers would like fashion brands to share when it comes to social and environmental impacts and to better understand what roles consumers think that governments and laws should play in ensuring clothing is sustainably produced.

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